Ectopic pregnancy is a condition whereby the fertilised egg implants itself on any part of the body other than the uterus (especially the fallopian tubes). This condition is recognised as a medical emergency and needs to be treated as soon as possible as it simulates other complications. Therefore, it is important to learn about the fundamentals of ectopic pregnancy, its causes, symptoms, and treatment for couples aspiring to initiate the parenthood journey.
What Is an Ectopic Pregnancy?
In a normal pregnancy, the egg is fertilised and moves down the fallopian tube. It then buries itself in the wall of the uterus where it develops into a fetus. An ectopic pregnancy is a condition whereby the fertilised egg implants itself in a part of the body other than the uterus, most commonly the fallopian tube.
The implantation may also occur in the ovary, cervix, or abdominal cavity. These locations cannot sustain a growing pregnancy and the developing tissue may harm other organs or even lead to fallopian tube rupture with subsequent internal bleeding.
Ectopic pregnancies are not considered fetuses and cannot be carried to term and deliver a healthy baby. However, they need immediate medical attention to safeguard the health and fertility of the person.
Causes and Risk Factors:
While the exact ectopic pregnancy cause may not always be identifiable, certain factors increase the risk:
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Some sexually transmitted diseases that affect the reproductive system, including chlamydia or gonorrhea, lead to the formation of scar tissue in the fallopian tubes.
- Previous Ectopic Pregnancy: Previous ectopic pregnancy is a risk factor for another one.
- Tubal Surgery: Operations on the tubes may cause adhesions or structural changes leading to ectopic pregnancy.
- Endometriosis: This condition can lead to adhesions or scarring in the pelvic region causing ectopic pregnancy.
- In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) or Fertility Treatments: The implementation of assisted reproductive technologies may raise the risk of an ectopic pregnancy to a small extent.
- Smoking: Smoking has been found to increase the chances of having an ectopic pregnancy.
Warning Signs and Symptoms:
It is therefore important to identify the ectopic pregnancy symptoms to get adequate medical help. While some symptoms may resemble those of a normal pregnancy, others are distinct and indicate potential complications:
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain that is not a normal cramping associated with the menstrual cycle.
- Sharp or Stabbing Pain: Abdominal and pelvic pain may be aggravated by movement or straining.
- Dizziness or Fainting: Dizziness and fainting are common ectopic pregnancy symptoms.
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea may be experienced during ectopic pregnancy.Diagnosis and Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment
Ectopic pregnancy is typically diagnosed through:
- Pelvic Exam: To check for lumps or any abnormality.
- Ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound may be done to determine the location of the pregnancy.
- Blood Tests: hCG estimations are useful in monitoring the progress of pregnancy.
Ectopic Pregnancy treatment options depend on the stage of the pregnancy:
- Medication: It can be used to prevent cell division and break down the tissue.
- Surgery: In cases of complete rupture or very advanced ectopic pregnancy, the developing tissue has to be removed surgically and the fallopian tube repaired.
Final Overview
Although ectopic pregnancies cannot be prevented, effective measures can be taken to minimise the risks. The measures include taking precautions in sexual matters, seeking treatment for infections, and stopping smoking. If you have had an ectopic pregnancy, it is advised to seek the advice of a healthcare provider regarding future pregnancies and management.
Ectopic pregnancy is a severe complication. However, with timely diagnosis and management, many patients can overcome this condition and have healthy pregnancies in the future. It is crucial to identify the symptoms and rush to specialist doctors to prevent further complications to your health.
